BIOGRAPHY - page 8
As Wakanda opened itself up more to the wider world, the world's problems began to beat at Wakanda's doors. Wakanda's neighboring nations often went to war with each other or even within themselves, creating great strife just beyond T'Challa's control. Moon Knight escaped a revolution in Burunda by crossing the border over into Wakanda. [Marc Spector: Moon Knight #14] A civil war to the north in Mohannda nearly drew in Wakanda thanks to the greed of Cardinal Technologies. The arms dealers were selling to both sides of the conflict to drive up their profits, and hoped to blame the factions for stealing some of Wakanda's Vibranium and killing their king. 
T'Challa joined forces with the mercenary Black Axe and the Mohanndan local super-being Afrikaa to stop the drums of war in both countries. [Black Axe #5-7] Another arms dealer, the Ethiopian Moses Magnum, seized control of Canaan to the west for his own purposes. Improving Canaan's position meant conquering Wakanda to Magnum, and he lay siege to the Panther's lands. T'Challa and W'Kabi defended against this invasion with the help of their American contractor, Michael Collins. [Deathlok (2nd series) #22-25]
Unfortunately, Wakanda also continued to face struggles from within. T'Challa's efforts to modernize the land and open it up to new opportunities met with resistance from traditionalists. While meeting with Stark International, Braddock Enterprises and the American government about revolutionizing toxic waste disposal, the Black Panther's feast was attacked by a homegrown terrorist, Icon. Wakanda's Doctor U'mbaya A'kurru blamed the perils of technology when his daughter died due to toxic waste exposure outside of Wakanda. His attempt to overthrow T'Challa was beaten back by the Black Panther and his allies, Captain America, Iron Man and members of Excalibur. [Excalibur (1st series) #59-60]
Black Panther found himself targeted by a group of villains known as the Gatherers. He received warning from the Avengers after the Gatherers infiltrated Avengers Mansion and accessed files pertaining to T'Challa. The Gatherers turned out to be alternate dimensional Avengers, culled from various apocalyptic realities by their leader Proctor as the last survivors of their individual teams. Like matter and anti-matter, they could not survive in a foreign reality alongside their counterparts, and a ceremony was necessary to assimilate the local version into the doppelganger, or "gather them unto him." A man named T'Challa, the Coal Tiger, was to be the next Gatherer, and therefore T'Challa the Black Panther needed to die. The Coal Tiger had no interest in dying at the 
expense of another, however, and he appealed to the Gatherer named Swordsman not to allow it to happen. Swordsman indeed turned against his allies, and the Coal Tiger died at peace in Black Panther's arms, content that his death had not been without honor. [Avengers (1st series) #355-356] T'Challa would retain the costume of his doppelganger for years to come in a place of prominence among his private quarters, honoring the brother he met, however briefly. [Black Panther (3rd series) #23]
Klaw returned after a several years absence, making another attempt at conquering Wakanda using solid sound armor to protect his mercenaries. Although he temporarily seized control of Central Wakanda, Klaw was opposed by the Fantastic Four and T'Challa, who was returning from a research expedition. Klaw nearly caused his own death when new Vibranium in his sonic-klaw went haywire, causing it to spurt out sonimals (sonic-animals) beyond his control. Black Panther was forced to save the life of his hated enemy, neutralizing the sonic-klaw with the energy-absorbing properties of the Great Vibranium Mound. Rather than kill his lifelong foe, T'Challa arranged to turn him over to the United Nations for trial for his many crimes. [Fantastic Four Unlimited #1]
T'Challa's long-awaited wedding to Monica Lynne was on the verge of happening when an economic crisis threatened Wakanda. Stock prices for Vibranium Exports began to plummet worldwide, leading T'Challa and his council to conclude a second source of the amazing ore had been discovered that threatened their monopoly. Believing the answer must lie in the manipulation 
of the similar Antarctic Vibranium, Black Panther mounted an expedition with Captain America and several allies. He discovered a mining venture by Advanced Idea Mechanics with the High Technician, and intervened on their efforts. With the assistance of Ka-Zar and several local tribes, T'Challa worked to drive the outsiders out of the Savage Land, securing Wakanda's monopoly on Vibranium at the same time. [Captain America (1st series) #414-417]
This vulnerability in Wakanda's economy did not go unnoticed, and so T'Challa championed his scientists' pursuit of the Vibrasurge Research Facility, an effort to combine Wakandan and Savage Land Vibranium to create a steady state energy source which could power Wakanda even after the Vibranium Mound's supply ran out. The project was overseen by N'Kano of the Parliament of Elders and the brilliant scientist A'Kane, who had named her own son N'Kano after his god-father. 
A disruption occurred in the project between the two Vibranium ores, causing a massive explosion. A'Kane and most of the other researchers were killed in the blast, while young N'Kano developed vibration generating powers in the process, yet broke nearly every bone in his body. T'Challa ordered Vibrasurge shut down for the safety of the nation. [Fantastic Force (1st series) #14]
The Black Panther's scientists were able to create regulator gauntlets to help N'Kano (now called Vibraxas) control his powers. However, he hoped for the Fantastic Four to conduct a more thorough evaluation of his young charge and his powers. T'Challa and Vibraxas prepared to travel to Manhattan and Four Freedoms Plaza. On the way, he made contact with the Inhuman Royal Family in exile, who were also hosting a young Inhuman named Devlor with similar needs. The Black Panther agreed to bring Devlor to the Fantastic Four alongside Vibraxas. When they arrived, however, the Fantastic Four were in dire straits. Reed Richards had recently gone missing and was presumed dead, and the remaining members were in conflict with a multi-dimensional 
killer called the Dark Raider, who turned out to be a parallel version of Richards. T'Challa and his wards joined the fight against the Dark Raider and won, but the Four disbanded nevertheless to pursue diverse goals. [Fantastic Four (1st series) #390-392]
T'Challa remained in New York at the Regency Arms after that to make an address to the United Nations. With the Fantastic Four disbanded, he also invited as guests the teenaged Franklin Richards, Psi-Lord and his aunt Huntara, time-displaced allies of the Four whom they fought beside during the Dark Raider affair. T'Challa's speech drew the attention of Klaw, who had escaped custody from the UN, and made another attempt on the life of his hated foe. The Black Panther's allies came to his aid, and Psi-Lord devised a plan to combine his comrades' abilities to 
defeat Klaw. Impressed by their potential, Black Panther offered to support Franklin financially in assembling this new team in the wake of the Fantastic Four's departure. The arrogant Vibraxas had no desire to work with "outsiders" but T'Challa made it a royal command, for his charge needed training in both his powers and his temperament. And thus, the Fantastic Force were born. [Fantastic Force (1st series) #1]
Back in Wakanda, however, T'Challa was horrified to learn the Parliament had voted in his absence to reopen the Vibrasurge Research Facility. T'Challa evoked royal privilege to override their decision before holding audience with his advisors. The elder N'Kano argued on behalf of progress, claiming the potential benefits to their nation still outweighed the dangers evident in Vibrasurge. Not fully convinced, the Black Panther still chose not to stand in the way of the will of his people, and relented to allowing Vibrasurge to continue. [Fantastic Force (1st series) #4-5]
Word reached T'Challa in Wakanda that Vibraxas had taken a life while engaged with Fantastic Force. Fearing he had made a mistake leaving young N'Kano with such untested heroes, the Black Panther flew out to confront his protege. A gang member had drawn on Vibraxas during a fight and N'Kano had reactively instinctively to disable his weapon. However, the boy's damaged Vibranium regulators inadvertently caused the attacker's death. The American courts ruled it a clear case of self-defense, but T'Challa wanted to remain nearby regardless. Both he and the Human Torch became part of Fantastic Force to help shepherd the younger heroes, leading them in battle with the forces of Lord Moses and the attack of Vangaard. [Fantastic Force (1st series) #10-13]
Black Panther brought Vibraxas back to Wakanda after that to appear before the Great Council, for his actions as a Wakandan citizen must be judged by his own country, as well as American jurisprudence. Jennifer Walters the She-Hulk had joined Fantastic Force and stood in defense of N'Kano's actions. During his return home, however, Vibraxas learned of the Vibrasurge Research Facility being reopened and became infuriated. He impulsively attempted to destroy the facility with his powers, in defiance of his king and his godfather. This inadvertently released an entity called the Vibravore, a composite of many of the researchers believed dead in the initial explosion forged into a massive creature of violent instinct, a clear and present threat to Wakanda and the outside world. T'Challa and the Great Council were prepared to sacrifice the lives contained in the Vibravore for the greater good of Wakanda, but Vibraxas and Fantastic Force acted against those commands and confronted the Vibravore alone. The Force in fact succeeded in deconstructing the Vibravore, saving the lives of the Vibrasurge researchers (although N'Kano's mother A'Kane was tragically not among those 
preserved in the Vibravore). However, by standing against T'Challa's commands in battle, the Great Council decreed that Wakanda would offer no more support to the Fantastic Force. An infuriated Vibraxas denounced his king and his country for this action, severing all ties between T'Challa and N'Kano. [Fantastic Force (1st series) #14-15]
T'Challa returned to New York to oversee Klaw's extradition to Wakanda. The Murderous Master of Sound had escaped UN custody in the past, and so this time the Black Panther invoked Wakanda's right to see Klaw tried for his crimes. The extradition hearing was overseen by T'Challa's old acquaintance Franklin "Foggy" Nelson, formerly of Nelson & Murdock. Klaw escaped from his hearing with the help of masked mercenaries, though, despite the efforts of Black Panther and Daredevil. Back at the Wakandan Embassy, T'Challa was captured by Erik Killmonger, revived somehow through Klaw's sonic powers and acting as the mastermind behind Klaw's escape. Killmonger intended to orchestrate a coup of Wakanda by falsifying T'Challa's suicide over having lost Klaw and failing his people. Daredevil freed Black Panther from the deathtrap Killmonger engineered, and both of T'Challa's long-time foes were defeated as well. [Over the Edge #6]